华夏文明上下五千年，历史文化源远流长。每一个历史发展的阶段都是我们国家成长的足迹，古钱币也正是这历史银河中组成的重要部分。就其特定的历史时期的洪武通宝，也使它在钱币史上占据着重要的地位，它不仅代表着古代中国的货币文化，也反映了我国明代历史、经济、金融的兴衰和沧桑，具有很高的艺术观赏价值和文物价值；

　　Up and down five thousand years Chinese civilization, history and culture goes back to ancient times. Each stage of historical development is the growth of our country footsteps, ancient COINS is the important part of history in the Milky Way. With respect to its particular historical period of the hongwu TongBao, also make it in occupying the important status in the history of money, and it not only represents the ancient culture, China's currency also reflects China's rise and fall of Ming dynasty history, economic, financial and vicissitudes of life, has the very high ornamental value and cultural value;

　　近日，我们新发现一枚“洪武通宝”，背面铸有马牛羊特大花钱，此钱铸造精美，马牛羊形象生动，具有民族文化艺术风格和传统特色，又非常珍贵，受到众多藏家青睐。

　　Recently, we found a new "hongwu TongBao", on the back of the casting with heavy horse cattle and sheep to spend money, this money casting, fine horse cattle and sheep are vivid, with the culture and art style and traditional ethnic characteristics, very precious, attract many collectors.

　　一、“洪武通宝”为太祖朱元璋年号钱

　　A title, "hongwu TongBao" MAO zhu yuanzhang money

　　“洪武”为明朝开国皇帝朱元璋年号，明朝开国皇帝朱元璋在位31(1368-1398年)年，朱元璋在历史上是一位有作为的皇帝，全国统一，执行“养民生息、勤俭治国”施政方针，出现人口增长，社会经济发展新气象。在位执政期间铸有“洪武通宝”小平、折二、折三、折五和当十大钱等大小钱币共五种，除小平钱外，其钱背有二钱、三钱、五钱、当十，另铸有“洪武通宝”花钱等。

　　"Hongwu of the Ming dynasty's founding emperor zhu yuanzhang nianhao, 31 of the reign of the Ming dynasty's founding emperor zhu yuanzhang (1368-1398) years, zhu yuanzhang in history as the emperor, is a national unity, execution policy rule of people live, thrift, population growth, social and economic development together. "Hongwu reign during casting have TongBao" xiaoping, two, three, five and ten big money such as COINS, a total of five kinds of size, in addition to a little money, the money back for two, three, five money, money when ten, the other casting such as "hongwu TongBao" spend money.

　　二、“洪武通宝”马牛羊大花钱

　　Second, the "hongwu TongBao" horse cattle, sheep and big money

　　该钱阔缘大字，文字直读，品相极佳，包浆自然，背面铸有马牛羊家畜兴旺图案。经认真观察，充分展现了西部少数民族在草原放牧，马牛羊家畜在草原吃草、休息活动的场面。祁连山下终年积雪，潺潺流水，水足草丰，广阔草原，碧绿荡漾。蓝天白云，菩提树下，观世音菩萨端坐在莲花台上，保佑牧区大吉大利，风调雨顺，国泰民安，家畜兴旺……

　　The money sundown characters, direct reading text, excellent quality, patina nature, cast with horse cattle livestock thrive on the back. After careful observation, fully shows the western minority in grassland grazing, the horses are eating grass cattle, sheep and cattle in the grassland, rest activities. Under the qilian mountain snow all year round, babbling Brooks, water grass, vast grasslands, green ripples. Under the blue sky white clouds, banyan tree, avalokitesvara sits on the lotus, bless pastoral areas prosperous, the good crop weather, peaceful country and safe people, livestock prosperity...

　　“洪武通宝”花钱品相极好，锈色自然，古朴大方，钱背铸的马、牛、羊神态各异、形象鲜明，充分突出了西部少数民族的文化风格，也展现了我国少数民族人民的勤劳、善良、聪明和智慧，他们以牧为家，热爱草原，热爱马牛羊，年年丰产、丰收，为国家民族的繁荣昌盛做出了重要贡献。

　　"Hongwu TongBao" money product are very good, rust color natural, of primitive simplicity and easy, money back cast of horses, cattle, sheep of different, the image is bright, style, fully highlighted the western minority culture has also demonstrated China's ethnic minority people's diligence, kindness, intelligence and wisdom, they in animal husbandry, for family, love the grassland, love horses sheep and cattle, fertility, harvest year after year, made important contribution to the prosperity of the nation.

　　经测定:“洪武通宝”大花钱，直径72毫米，为少见，称珍稀品，属明代初期官铸钱，传说此钱为明代开国纪念币，有极高的收藏研究价值。

　　By the determination of: "hongwu TongBao" big money, 72 mm in diameter, is rare, rare variety, belong to the early Ming dynasty guan zhu money, the money for the Ming dynasty's founding legend COINS, have high research value.

　　据《明史文献》考证，洪武初年，太祖朱元璋高度重视农牧业生产发展，《太祖传记》载了:“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”的历史事迹。后又实行屯田、马政，发展手工业完善驿站制度，农牧业增产增收。史书评价:“上天授于太祖皇帝智慧和能力”，最终明朝统一了全中国。

　　According to textual research, the literature of the Ming hongwu, MAO zhu yuanzhang attaches great importance to the development of farming and animal husbandry production, "MAO biography" : "high walls, wide product grain, slow king" the history of the story. After a wasteland, the main, the development of handicraft industry, improve the system of post farming and animal husbandry increase production. Historical evaluation: "emperor should in MAO wisdom and ability", Ming dynasty unified the whole of China in the end.

　　三、西部草原与茶马互市

　　Three, the western grasslands and tea ma hu

　　中国西部自古以来就是畜牧草原和少数民族居住地方。早在秦汉时代，畜牧业就得到了大规模发展。《甘肃历史文献》记载，当时天水、陇右、河西已是“畜牧天下饶”说明汉唐时代从陇右到河西畜牧业的发展达到极成盛时期。

　　In western China since the ancient times is the animal husbandry and grassland and minority place to live. As early as the qin and han dynasties era, animal husbandry got the large-scale development. In history, the historical documents in gansu tianshui, longyou, at that time the hexi is "animal world" break instructions from longyou han and tang dynasties era to the development of animal husbandry in hexi reached a height.

　　汉武帝开通丝绸之路，设立河西三郡，酒泉、张掖、武威，在山丹建立了中国最大的军马牧场，草原面积300多万亩，位居亚洲第一。派张骞通西域引进良马、苜蓿等。到唐代贞观年间到麟徳年(627-665年)近40年间，以祁连山草原为牧场养马达到70万匹，牛、羊、骆驼等数百万，民间歌谣曰:“天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”。

　　Emperor opened the silk road, set up three county hexi, jiuquan, zhang ye, wuwei, established China's largest army in shandan pastures, grassland area of more than 300 ten thousand mu, and ranks first in Asia. Send Zhang Qiantong xiyu introduced a good horse, alfalfa, etc. Between tang dynasty and the scholar Howard (627-665) in recent 40 years, in qilian mountain grassland grazing raising horse, 700000, millions of, such as cattle, sheep and camels, folk song yue: "days maturity, wild boundless, wind blow grass low see cattle and sheep".

　　元代，在张掖建立“甘肃中书行省”管理西部军马。明朝初期缺少军马，每年征购军马万匹以上，为此，首先在甘肃建立“马政司”，又设茶市、马市，供应生活必需品，茶业日用品、铁器等，收购牧民马匹，供军需战马。

　　Established the yuan dynasty, in zhang ye "gansu province in the book" management in the west. In the early Ming dynasty lack of our army, annual purchase charger more than ten thousand, to this end, firstly established in gansu province "Ma Zhengsi", and a market, the city, and supply of daily necessities, tea industry daily necessities, such as iron, buying herding horses, for munitions war horse.

　　所谓茶马互市，即调运中原的茶叶、布匹、铁器生产生活用品与少数民族换取良马和畜产品。茶马互市始起于唐，完善于宋，明清一直延用。洪武五年在天水建立第一个茶马司、推行茶马互市，陆续设立河州、洮州、岷州茶马司，明朝规定，上马换茶120斤，中马换70斤，下马换50斤，又制定“金牌信符”作为征收官马的凭证。

　　The so-called tea ma hu, namely the dispatching zhongyuan tea, cloth, iron production articles for daily use and minorities in exchange for a good horse and livestock. Tea ma hu ShiQi in tang dynasty, the perfect in song dynasty, the Ming and qing dynasties have been extended. Hongwu first tea horse company established five years in tianshui, tea ma hu, gradually set up a state, tea horse company, China's state, he states, the Ming dynasty, the horse in tea 120 tons, the horse in 70 jins, dismount in 50 kg, and formulate "gold letter" as a collection officer horse's credentials.

　　据甘肃地方县志研究考证:明洪武三十一年供应西部牧民茶叶110万斤，换取马匹13518匹，基本满足明朝军马需要。“洪武通宝”马牛羊特大花钱目前在内蒙古少数民族地区发现，成为仅见品，出售此钱的是一位家境显赫的人士，此钱少见，是官钱大钱！

　　According to textual research: gansu local county annals research Ming hongwu thirty-one years supply western herdsmen tea 1.1 million tons, in exchange for the horses, 13518 horses, basic can meet the needs of the Ming dynasty charger. "Hongwu TongBao" heavy horse cattle and sheep to spend money now found in ethnic minority areas in Inner Mongolia, become the only product, sell this money is a family of eminent personage, rare, this money is officer money a lot of money!

　　此钱发现于辽宁茶马古道，“洪武通宝”马牛羊大花钱，堪称古钱珍品，是研究明代“马政司”重要的历史文物，具有极高的收藏研究价值和文化艺术价值。

　　The money was found in liaoning tea ma gu "hongwu TongBao" horse cattle, sheep and big money, is the ancient COINS treasures, is the study of the Ming dynasty "Ma Zhengsi" important historical relics, the study has a very high collection value and cultural and artistic value.