耀州窑位于西安以北一百多公里的铜川市黄堡镇。窑址以黄堡为中心，其范围包括上店、立地坡、玉华、陈炉，及耀县塔坡一带。此地在宋代辖于耀州，故名耀州窑，其产品称为耀州瓷，或名耀瓷。 随着经济的发展，宋代出现了以往所没有的瓷窑体系，其中耀州窑便是一个自成窑系的北方著名窑场。它以盛产独具风格与特色的刻花和印花青瓷，成为北方青瓷的代表，进而又成为耀州窑系的中心窑场和代表。其精美优良产品的出现，是宋代经济和文化繁荣发展的产物，也是宋代工艺技术水平和社会审美意识的一种体现。
Yao state kiln is located in xi 'an, one hundred km north of tongchuan city huang town. Used to fort yellow as the center, its scope includes shop, on site slope, YuHua, Chen Lu, and Yao County tower slope area. Here in the state of song dynasty to yao, so named yao state kiln, its product is called yao porcelain, or yao China. With the development of economy, the song dynasty there was previously no kiln system, in which yao state kiln is a famous kilns in the north kiln system of its own. It for its unique style and characteristics of engraving and printing celadon, become a representative of the northern celadon, in turn be shone state kiln is the center of the kilns and representative. The appearance of fine products, its elegant is the product of economic and cultural prosperity and development of song dynasty, song dynasty is the technology level and the social aesthetic consciousness is a kind of reflect.
耀州窑创烧于唐代，五代成熟，宋代鼎盛，金元延续，止于明代中期的十五世纪末，有八百多年的连续烧造史。宋代青瓷得到较大发展，北宋末为鼎盛期。
Yao state kiln burning in the tang dynasty, five dynasties, mature in song dynasty heyday, jinyuan, stop in the middle of the Ming dynasty of the fifteenth century, has a history of more than eight hundred years of continuous fire. Song dynasty celadon development greatly, at the end of the northern song dynasty for its own success.
耀州窑以铜川黄堡镇为中心窑场，沿漆河两岸密集布陈，史称"十里陶坊"。同时还有立地、上店村、陈炉镇、玉华村等窑场，依次排列，绵延百里。
Yao state kiln kiln for the center with tongchuan huang town, along the river on both sides of the dense BuChen paint, history says "li tao fang". As well as on the site, shop village, town, YuHua Chen Lu village kiln, such as lined, thyme.
五代该窑以烧青瓷为主，青瓷烧制工艺已经成熟，青釉有灰绿、青绿、天青、淡天青等色调。还兼烧少量黑、酱釉瓷。造型秀丽华美，多仿金银器。往往采用剔花或划花手法，制作出各种生动流畅的纹样。在瓷器纹样中发现有专为皇室用瓷设计的龙、凤图案。还发现有刻"官"字款的青瓷器底多件。这些优美瓷器的发现，是目前我国北方地区五代时期仅见的重要青瓷窑场的系统陶瓷考古资料。
Five generations of the kiln is given priority to with burning celadon, celadon firing technology has matured, blue glaze ash green, green, azure, pale azure hue. And also burn a few black, sauce glaze porcelain. Modelling beautiful colorful, imitation treasure more. Often use carved flowers or scratching technique, produce all kinds of vivid and fluent grain appearance. In finds designed for royal porcelain porcelain patterns of dragon and phoenix patterns. Also found a carved "officer" of celadon over the bottom. These beautiful porcelain found, is currently the only from the five dynasties period in north China important celadon kiln system ceramic archaeological data.
唐代烧制了黑、白、青、褐、黄、茶叶沫、花釉瓷，及白釉绿彩、白釉褐彩、素胎黑花、青釉下绘白彩等彩绘瓷。器物造型丰满大器，反映出大唐帝国的兴盛。此外，还烧制唐三彩和琉璃瓦，是当时我国烧制陶瓷品种最为丰富的一个窑场。
Tang potteries of black, white, green, brown, yellow, tea foam, flower vitreous enamel, green color and craft, craft hecai, plain foetus black flower, green glaze painting Bai Cai painted porcelain, etc. Modeling fullness frivolity items, reflecting the flourishing tang dynasty imperial. In addition, fire tang sancai and glazed tile, was a kiln firing ceramics in China the most abundant field.
宋代是该窑烧造青瓷的鼎盛期。入宋后，窑场为了保持和发展它在晚唐五代时期北方青瓷的领先地位，保持原有销售市场和争夺占领新市场，在制瓷工艺上有了很大的革新和创造。
Song dynasty was the heyday of the kiln fire celadon. In song dynasty, kilns in order to maintain and develop its leading position in the north during the five dynasties late tang dynasty celadon, keep the original sales market and compete for new markets, on the porcelain making technology has made great innovation and creativity.
金代前期该窑延续了宋代青瓷的烧造，又突出了月白釉青瓷的创新。其后期，姜黄釉青瓷的烧造重点面向中下层民众，烧成上突出了可以增加数量的无釉圈叠烧工艺，装饰纹样也趋于简练。
Jin in the early of the continuation of the song dynasty celadon kiln fire, celadon craft innovation and highlight the month. Its later period, the prime focus of turmeric celadon glaze for lower-middle-class people, can increase the number of the highlights on the firing unglazed circle fold burning process, decoration pattern also tend to be more concise.
元明两代该窑发展趋于衰落，一方面继续烧造姜黄釉青瓷，另一方面逐渐加强了黑、白、酱、茶叶沫釉瓷和白地黑花瓷的烧造。在多品种色釉瓷的烧制中，白地黑花瓷是此一时期该窑的代表作品。至此，该窑青瓷的烧制已明显衰落。不久，窑场亦终烧，从此以后就在其原有的历史舞台上消失了。经过金元兵灾及各朝代的动荡变迁，各陶场均已停烧，惟有陈炉镇延续至今，成为西北地区的制瓷重镇。
Yuan and Ming dynasties of the kiln development tends to decline, on the one hand, continue to fire turmeric celadon glaze, on the other hand gradually strengthened the black, white, jam, tea foam fire glaze porcelain and white ground black flower porcelain. In a variety of colored glaze porcelain firing, white-floored black flower porcelain is a representative of the period in the kiln. At this point, the kiln celadon fire has obvious decline. Soon, kilns also eventually burn, since then goes away on its original historical stage. After jinyuan BingZai and dynasties turbulent vicissitude, the tao is averaging has stopped to burn, but the Chen Lu town continues today, as the northwest town of porcelain manufacture.
耀州窑的传统工艺主要体现在原料的采配、成分及加工，泥料的储备及练揉，手工拉坯及修坯，手工雕花、刻花、划花、贴花、印花，釉药的选配、制备及敷施，匣钵、窑具的制作及装窑，火焰气氛及烧成等七个方面。一件制品完成要经过采料、精选、风化、配比、粑泥、陈腐、熟泥、揉泥、手拉坯、修坯、釉料精选、配制、施釉、手工装饰(雕、刻、贴、印)、窑具制作、装窑、烧窑等17道工序。各工序都有相应的技术要求，掌握相关技艺的人被称为"匠人"。
Yao state kiln of traditional process is mainly reflected in the distribution, composition and processing of raw material, clay material reserves and practice knead, handmade pottery and fettling, manual carve patterns or designs on woodwork, hand-cut, scratching, decals, printing, selection, preparation and application of glaze, sagger, the production of kiln and kiln, seven aspects such as the atmosphere and burning flame. A completed products should collect makings, selection, after weathering, proportioning, jialing, stale, mud, mud and clay, hand billet, billet, glaze selection, preparation, glazing, decorative (carving, carving, stick, India), kiln, kiln, kiln, etc. 17 working procedure. Have the corresponding technical requirements in each process, master the skills of people known as "builders".
唐和五代时胎质稍松，呈灰色，釉质失透，有乳浊感;宋代青瓷胎体较坚簿，胎色灰褐或灰紫，釉质莹润透明，釉色青绿如橄榄，釉薄处呈姜黄色;金、元时胎质稍粗，胎色呈浅灰或灰色，釉面多数姜黄，青色者少。釉质稀簿而不润。
Don and the five dynasties TaiZhi slightly loose, when it is gray, enamel, devitrification opacifying feeling; Song dynasty qing porcelain body body more strong book, color grey, brown or grey purple, enamel, jade-like stone embellish is transparent glaze green, such as olive, glaze thinner in ginger; Jin, yuan TaiZhi slightly thick, color is light gray or gray, glaze most turmeric, cyan is less. The enamel thin book and don't embellish.
装饰手法上以刻花和印花为主，刻花尤为精美，刀法犀利流畅，刚劲有力，立体感较强。装饰艺术上，纹饰丰富多彩。纹样有动物、人物、花卉和图案等。纹样中的动物有龙、凤、狮、犀牛、马、羊、狗、鹤、鹅、鸭、鱼、鸳鸯等。人物有婴戏、佛象、力士等。花卉有莲花、牡丹、菊花、梅花、水草等。图案纹有:八桂纹、三角纹、回纹等。在纹饰上，五代以前古朴大方;宋时丰富多样，且技艺精湛，出类拔萃;金元时日趋简单。
On the adornment gimmick with hand-cut and printing is given priority to, hand-cut particularly exquisite, smooth cutting sharp, strong powerful, stereo sense is stronger. Decorative arts, decorative colorful. Patterns such as animals, figures, flowers and pattern. Patterns of animals in the dragon, phoenix, lions, rhinos, horse, sheep, dogs, cranes, goose, duck, fish, mandarin duck, etc. People have baby play, Buddha, such as lux. Flowers has the lotus, peony, chrysanthemum, plum blossom, seaweed, etc. Pattern lines are: BaGui lines, triangle, back to the lines, etc. In the decorative and five generations ago, of primitive simplicity and easy; Song rich variety, and highly skilled, outstanding; Jinyuan is simple.
耀州窑的烧造工艺和装饰技法，对全国各地的影响较大，除陕西境内的一大批窑仿烧外，它的技艺还传到河南省的临汝、禹县、宝丰、内乡等窑，传到广东的西村窑、广西的永福窑，形成了以黄堡镇窑为首的一个庞大的窑系。
Yao state kiln fire craft and decorative techniques, have bigger influence on the country, in addition to the imitation of a large number of kiln burning within the territory of shaanxi, its skill also to near you, yu county in henan province, baofeng, NaXiang kiln, spread to the west village kiln in guangdong province and guangxi for kiln, formed, led by huang town kiln, a huge kiln system.
此次，我们有幸合作到一件耀州窑青釉大号精美玉壶春瓶，为元代早期青釉玉壶春瓶，属于馆藏级别的藏品，藏品青釉刻花，刻花精美，刀刀见工，每个图案两刀，半刀泥工，浑入浅出；半截釉，年代界限清晰，为元代盛世时期作品，元早期，釉色为姜黄釉，施釉薄处呈现黄色，底足修胎工整，符合元代耀州窑之特征；整件藏品，玻璃质釉，清澈透亮，形态优美，亭亭玉立；元代耀州窑走向衰落，刻花日趋简单，没有宋中期满刻法，但是此件耀州窑玉壶春瓶属于礼器中的重器；