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　　摆轮游丝系统不平衡游丝固定点重力效应和摆轴变换平立位置振幅有变化时产生位差的三个主要因素。前两个因素可以通过提高摆轮游丝系统的等时性减少位差，而第三个因素可以通过减少摆轴平立位置间摆轮游丝系统能量消耗的差别达到减少位差的目的。但是，人们不可能完全保证游丝和摆轮的重心不变，控制摆轮和游丝的偏心从技术上来讲有一个极限，很难用传统的方法解决这些问题。重力对的走时精度有何影响?重力对手表的走时精度有何影响?重力对手表走时精度的影响主要有以下几个方面:摆轮游丝系统不平衡，即此系统的重心与摆轴的轴心线不重合的现象。通常摆轮游丝系统的质量绝大部分集中在摆轮本身，并且摆轮的厚度与直径相比较小很多，因此摆轮游丝系统不平衡，也就是重心的偏离会发生在摆轮厚度的对称面内。由于系统的偏心会直接影响摆轮的摆动周期，周期增大了，手表走时就要变慢反之，说明周期减少了，手表走时就要变快。日差可以通过静平衡和动平衡等方法尽可能把摆轮的偏心量减小到最小，这是减少系统不平衡对周期影响最直接和最有效的方法。但是，人们不可能制造出绝对没有偏心的理想摆轮。游丝固定点重力效应，即游丝重心对周期的影响。由于游丝在展缩时不能保持阿基米德螺线的形状，因而游丝的重心在运动时将按很复杂的轨迹变化。当摆轴水平放置时，游丝重心对摆轴所产生的附加力矩就直接叠加在游丝力矩上。由于重心对摆轴所产生的附加力矩是非线性的，因而将使系统产生等时性误差。摆轴变换平立位置振幅有变化。摆轴垂直放置时，以轴颈的端面和轴承接触，而在水平放置时，则以轴颈的外圆和轴承接触。前者的摩擦力矩要比后者小，这就造成摆轴垂直放置时的摆轮振幅比水平放置时高。因为任何一个摆轮游丝系统都存在一定的等时差，振幅变化的结果，将相应地引起周期的改变。擒纵机构中的擒纵齿轴和叉轴与轴承都存在轴向或径向间隙。当垂直放置时，轴颈的端面和轴承接触产生轴向间隙，当水平放置时，轴颈的外圆和轴承接触产生径向间隙，从而导致擒纵机构工作状态发生变化，产生位元差。快慢针夹子与游丝之间间隙对周期的影响。常见的快慢针系统是通过拨动快慢针调整快慢的。由于为了拨动快慢针时，游丝与夹子不卡住，游丝与夹子之间要留有一定的间隙。当手表处于不同位置时，游丝在快慢针夹子中的位置会因有间隙而有所变化，使得游丝的实际工作长度发生变化，从而导致位元差。 spring balance system imbalance three main factors causing the difference of fixed point hairspring gravity effect and the transformation of horizontal and vertical position pendulum shaft changes the amplitude. The first two factors can improve the balance spring system and reduce the isochronous difference, the third factors can be reduced by the difference between the horizontal and vertical position of the pendulum shaft energy consumption system to reduce the difference of balance spring to. However, people can not completely guarantee the center of gravity and balance the hairspring balance wheel and constant eccentricity control gossamer technically there is a limit, it is difficult to solve these problems by traditional methods. What is the impact of gravity on the travel time accuracy of gravity on the timing accuracy of the watch has any impact on the impact of gravity on the timing accuracy of the watch has the following aspects: spring balance system imbalance, namely the axis line of gravity of this system and pendulum does not coincide with the phenomenon. Usually the quality balance spring system most concentrated in the wheel itself, and the thickness and diameter of the wheel compared to many small, so the spring balance system imbalance, also is the center of gravity deviation will occur in the symmetric plane wheel thickness. The system will affect the balance of the eccentric swing cycle directly, increasing cycle, watch will slow on the other hand, that cycle is reduced, watch will become faster. On the difference through the static and dynamic balance method as the eccentricity wheel is reduced to a minimum, this is the cycle of the most direct and effective way to reduce the unbalanced system. However, people can not create the ideal balance absolutely no eccentricity. gossamer fixed point gravity effect, namely the influence of gravity cycle hairspring. The gossamer keep Archimedes spiral in shape and not shrink exhibition, the movement will focus in the spring on the track changes very complex. When the horizontal axis, the additional torque exerted on the pendulum shaft center hairspring directly superimposed on the gossamer moment. Because of the additional moment due to the gravity of the pendulum shaft is nonlinear, so it will make the system produce isochronous error. swing flat vertical amplitude variation position transformation. The pendulum shaft is positioned vertically to pivot end and bearing contact, and in the horizontal, the outer circle of the bearing contact shaft neck. The friction torque of the former than the latter, which will cause the vertical position of the balance wheel amplitude than the horizontal high. Because any one balance spring there are some other time, amplitude variation results, will cause a corresponding change cycle. escapement of escapement gear shaft and fork shaft and bearing are axial or radial clearance. When the vertical position, and end bearing contact shaft neck produced axial clearance when the horizontal contact, outer circle and shaft neck produced radial clearance, resulting in the working state of the escapement mechanism change, produce bit difference. Effect of speed needle clamp and spring clearance of cycle. The speed of needle system common is by adjusting the speed regulator. Due to the shifting speed when the needle, and spring clip is not stuck, to have a certain gap between the hairspring and clip. When the watch is in a different position, the speed of the needle clamp spring in position for a gap and the change makes the gossamer actual working length changes, resulting in poor bit.