提高母猪产仔率的技术要点有哪些？

　　What are the technical points for raising the rate of sows?

　　一、胎儿省长发育的两个关键时间

　　Two key times for the development of the fetal governor

　　发情母猪与种公猪交配后，卵子在母猪输卵管上端遇到精子受精后，受精卵就逐渐沿输卵管往下移动，定植在子宫角上，并在它的周围形成胎盘。这个过程大约需要经过15天时间。受精卵在定值和未形成胎儿以前很容易受到外界环境条件的影响。例如:这时如果喂给了发霉变质或有毒素的饲料，胎盘就容易中毒而死亡。

　　When the oestrus sow is mating with a boar, the egg is fertilized at the upper end of the oviduct of the sow, and the fertilized egg gradually moves down the fallopian tube and is planted on the horns of the uterus and forms the placenta around it. This process takes about 15 days. Fertilized eggs are susceptible to external environmental conditions before setting and forming a fetus. For example, the placenta is susceptible to poisoning and death if fed moldy or toxic fodder.

　　如果喂给母猪的日粮营养不全面，也可能引起部分受精卵中途停止发育而死亡。所以，加强母猪妊娠后20天左右的饲养管理，是保证胎儿正常发育的头一个关键时期。

　　If the diet for sows is not nutritious, it may also cause some fertilized eggs to stop developing and die. Therefore, strengthening the feeding and management of sows about 20 days after pregnancy is the first critical period to ensure the normal development of the fetus.

　　在妊娠初期，胎儿很小，增重不快。但在母猪妊娠后期，胎儿生长迅速，需要大量的营养物质，所以加强母猪妊娠后期的饲养管理是保证胎儿生长发育的第二个关键时间。

　　In the early pregnancy, the fetus is very small, and the weight gain is not fast. However, in the late pregnancy of sow, the fetus grows rapidly and needs a lot of nutrients. Therefore, it is the second key time to ensure the growth and development of the fetus by strengthening the feeding and management of the sow's late pregnancy.

　　二、妊娠母猪的营养需要

　　Two. The nutritional needs of gestation sows

　　母猪在妊娠怀孕的整个过程中，从饲料中取得的营养物质，首先满足胎儿的生长发育，然后再用来供给自己本身的需要，并为将来喂乳贮备部分营养物质。

　　In the whole process of pregnancy, a sow gets the nutrients from the feed, first to meet the growth and development of the fetus, and then to supply the needs of its own, and to feed some nutrients for the future.

　　对于母猪来说还需要部分营养物质来供应自己的生长发育。妊娠母猪需要的营养物质以蛋白质、矿物质、维生素最为重要，因为蛋白质是组成胎儿的主要成分，矿物质是胎儿骨骼发育的必要物质。因此，对怀孕母猪注意饲喂全价怀孕母猪饲料，以满足对蛋白质，矿物质及维生素等营养物质的需要，保证胎儿健康和正常发育。

　　Sows also need some nutrients to feed their growth and development. The nutrients needed by gestation sows are most important in protein, minerals and vitamins, because protein is the main component of the fetus, and minerals are essential for the development of fetal bones. Therefore, the pregnant sow is paid attention to feed the full price pregnant sow to meet the needs of protein, mineral and vitamins and so on to ensure the healthy and normal development of the fetus.

　　三、妊娠母猪要选择适当的饲养方式

　　Three, pregnant sows should choose appropriate feeding methods

　　饲养方式要因猪而异。对于断乳后体瘦的经产母猪，应从配种前10天起就开始增加采食量，提高能量和蛋白质水平，直至配种后恢复繁殖体况为止，然后按饲养标准降低能量浓度，并可多喂青粗饲料。

　　The way of feeding should be different from the pig. For the slender sow of the weaning body, the feed intake should be increased from 10 days before the sowing, and the energy and protein level should be increased until the breeding condition is restored, then the energy concentration is reduced according to the feeding standard, and the coarse feed can be fed.

　　对妊娠初期膘情已达7成的经产母猪，前、中期只给予低营养水平的饲粮便可，到妊娠后期再给予丰富的饲粮。

　　In the early stage of pregnancy, only 7 of the multiparous sows with low fat level were given low nutrition level, and then rich diets were provided later in the second trimester.

　　青年母猪由于本身尚处于生长发育阶段，同时负担胎儿的生长发育，对这种类型的妊娠母猪，在整个妊娠内，应采取随妊娠日期的延长逐步提高营养水平的饲养方式。

　　The young sows are still at the stage of growth and development and bear the growth and development of the fetus. For this type of pregnant sows, in the whole pregnancy, the feeding mode of the nutrition level should be gradually improved with the extension of the date of pregnancy.

　　不论是哪一类型的母猪，妊娠后期(90天至产前3天)都需要短期优饲。一种方法是每天每头增喂1千克以上的混合精料。另一种方法是在原饲粮中添加动物性脂肪或植物油脂(占日粮的5%~6%)，两种方法都能取得良好效果。

　　No matter what type of sow is, late pregnancy (90 days to 3 days before birth) requires short term feeding. One way is to feed more than 1 kilograms of mixed concentrate per head per day. Another way is to add animal fat or vegetable fat (5%~6%) in the original diet, and the two methods can achieve good results.

　　同时，母猪初乳及常乳中的脂肪和蛋白质含量也有所提高。试验证明，在母猪妊娠的最后两周，饲喂占日粮干物质6%的饲用动物脂肪或玉米油，仔猪初生重可提高10%~12%，每头母猪一年中的育成仔猪数可增加1.5~2头。

　　At the same time, the fat and protein content of sow colostrum and regular milk also increased. In the last two weeks of sow pregnancy, the feeding animal fat or corn oil, which accounted for 6% of the dry matter of the diet, could increase the initial weight of 10%~12%, and the number of piglets in each sow could increase 1.5~2 head in one year.

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